Industry

Agriculture

The agriculture industry covers farming of livestock and crops, as well as forestry.

Animal & Pet Care

This is a broad term to encompass all those who care for the welfare of animals.
Tasks may include preparing food, cleaning, treating injuries and rescuing animals
vets, vet nurses, animal attendant, animal scientist, zoologists and the like are considered animal care workers.

Arts and Entertainment

This industry comprises of a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related to making things with one's own hands and skill.
These can be sub-divided into handicrafts or "traditional crafts" and "the rest".
Some crafts have been practised for centuries, while others are modern inventions, or popularisations of crafts which were originally practised in a very small geographic area.
Most crafts require a combination of skill, speed, and patience, but they can also be learnt on a more basic level by virtually anyone.

Automotive

Includes vehicle and parts manufacturers, dealers and aftermarket services in the automotive sector.
Companies that produce passenger automobiles and light trucks.
Retail stores including auto dealers, gas stations, and retailers of auto accessories, motorcycles & parts, automotive glass, and automotive equipment & parts

Aviation & Aerospace

Aviation refers to flying using aircraft, machines designed by humans for atmospheric flight.
More generally, the term also describes the activities, industries, and regulatory bodies associated with aircraft.
This includes Companies providing primarily passenger air transportation and operators of airports
This includes civil and military aviation.
Aerospace refers to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through this air and space. Aerospace is a very diverse field, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications.
Aerospace can include both space programs and commercial aircraft.

Beauty & Hair Care

The industry includes hairdressing, and providing beauty treatment services, including waxing and hair removal, hair loss treatment.
The hair care market consists of conditioner, hair colorants, salon products, shampoo and styling agents.

Biotechnology

Biological technology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
It has four main applications including health care, crop production and agriculture, non food uses of crops (e.g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses.

Chemical

Comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. It is central to modern world economy, converting raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, minerals) into more than 70,000 different products.
Polymers and plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polycarbonate comprise about 80% of the industry’s output worldwide.
Chemicals are used to make a wide variety of consumer goods, as well as thousands inputs to agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and service industries.
Major industrial customers include rubber and plastic products, textiles, apparel, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, and primary metals.

Childcare

Used to describe the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's parents or legal guardians, typically someone outside the child's immediate family.
Child care or day care is provided in nurseries or crèches or by childminders caring for children in their own homes.
Babysitting is the occasional temporary care of a child during the absence of his or her parents.
Child care or day care usually refers to ongoing care during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work.
Child care can also take on a more formal structure, with education, child development, squareipline and even preschool falling into the fold of services.
Some childminders care for children from several families at the same time, either in their own home or in a specialized child care facility.
Some employers provide nursery provision for their employees at or near the place of employment.

Communication & Postal Services

An umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.
The importance lies in the ability to create greater access to information and communication in underserved populations.

Construction

Construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. Although this may be thought of as a single activity, in fact construction is a feat of multitasking.
Normally the job is managed by the construction manager, supervised by the project manager, design engineer or project architect.
This includes all parties in the industry engaged in designing, executing and maintaining buildings including those supplying materials.

Cosmetics

Companies that manufacture and/or market personal care products, including cosmetics, fragrances, skin care products, nutritional supplements, and over-the-counter medications.
Includes those who’s work involves materials intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions

Defence

Comprised of government and commercial industry involved in research, development, production, and service of military equipment and facilities.
Includes defence contractors: business organizations or individuals that provide products or services to a defence department of a government.
Includes the Arms industry, which produces guns, ammunition, missiles, military aircraft, and their associated consumables and systems.
It can also include: Private military contractors (private companies that provide logistics, manpower, and other expenditures for a military force), the Military-industrial complex, (generally the combination of the U.S. armed forces, arms industry and associated political and commercial interests) and the European defence procurement (military-industrial complex).

Education

Companies providing educational services, either on-line or through conventional teaching methods.
Includes, private universities, correspondence teaching, providers of educational seminars, educational materials and technical education.
Excludes companies providing employee education programs classified in the Human Resources & Employment Services Sub-Industry.

Electronics, Electrical Goods & Gaming

Companies that design, manufacture, and/or distribute electronic devices and equipment including semiconductors; semiconductor materials and production machinery; test, measurement, and inspection equipment; scientific and technical instruments; and electrical and electronic components such as connectors and display devices.
It also includes companies which provide services to support the production of electronic and photonic components (including microchips and optical fibre) and products.
Economic activity for manufacturing electric material and devices.
Companies that design, manufacture, and/or market consumer electronics including electronic games equipment, stereos, televisions, video cameras, CDs, and DVDs.
These goods are purchased from domestic (and in some cases international) manufacturers and wholesalers. Operators then retail these goods, through their store, to the general public.
The majority of goods supplied by this industry are purchased by consumers are new purchases.

Energy and Utilities

An industry subject to governmental regulation, that provides an essential commodity or service, such as water, electricity, transportation, or communication, to the public.
The energy industry is a generic term for all of the industries involved the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing fuel and refining, and fuel distribution.
Modern society consumes large amounts fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.

Environmental services

Companies providing environmental and facilities maintenance services.
Includes waste management, facilities management and pollution control services.
Excludes large-scale water treatment systems classified in the Water Utilities Sub-Industry.

Essential services

Essential services are services that the are necessary to prevent immediate and serious danger to the health, safety or welfare of the residents of
Services which are necessary to prevent immediate and serious disruption to the provision of educational programs.
The primary purpose is to protect the public.

Fashion & Accesories

Includes companies that design, manufacture, market, and/or license brands for men's, women's, and/or children's clothing, footwear, and accessories.
This includes fashion design, sales, supply and distribution.

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), also known as Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG), are products that have a quick turnover and relatively low cost.
Though the absolute profit made on FMCG products is relatively small, they generally sell in large numbers and so the cumulative profit on such products can be large.
Examples include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap, cosmetics, teeth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products and plastic goods.

Film

The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking: i.e. film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors and other film personnel.
Though the expense involved in making movies almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.

Financial Services

The term used to describe organizations that deal with the management of money and includes merchant banks, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages.
Financial services are the largest industry in the world, in terms of earnings.

Fishing

The fishing industry is the commercial activity aimed at delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes.
According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics the total fish production in the world in 2001 was 130 million tonnes.
Sub sectors include Commercial fishing, Fish processing and Fish product sales.

Fitness

This sector provides health appraisals, fitness assessments and testing, exercise prescription, the conduct of exercise classes, fitness/lifestyle advising, stress management, weight control, information services, and courses and seminars.
Other activities may include teaching, training and supervision of a variety of people in health and fitness clubs, gymnasiums, sports centres and community recreation organisations.

Food & Beverage

Distributors of food products to other companies and not directly to the consumer.
Includes owners and operators of primarily food retail stores.
Members retail food and beverages merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations.
Establishments in this industry have special equipment (e.g., freezers, refrigerated display cases, refrigerators) for displaying food and beverage goods.
Employees are trained in the processing of food products to guarantee the proper storage and sanitary conditions required by regulatory authority.

Gaming and Racing

Includes lotteries, and casinos
Horse and greyhound racing and the operations of registered bookmakers and sports bookmakers.
Monitored closely buy government organisations to minimise corruption.

Gift & Toy

Includes retailers, manufacturers, and vendors of general gift products, decorative accessories, stationery, greeting cards, collectibles, personal care products, jewellery, and gourmet food items.
A gift or present is the transfer of money, goods, etc., without the need for compensation that is involved in trade. A gift is a voluntary act which does not require anything in return.

Healthcare

he health care industry or health profession is considered an industry or a service related to the preservation or improvement of the health of individuals or the treatment or care of individuals who are injured, sick, disabled, or infirm.
The delivery of modern health care depends on an expanding group of trained professionals coming together as an intersquareiplinary team
The healthcare industry includes the delivery of health services by health care providers. Usually such services receive payment from the patient or from the patient's insurance company; although they may be government-financed or delivered by charities or volunteers, particularly in poorer countries.
There are many ways of providing healthcare in the modern world. The most common way is face-to-face delivery, where care provider and patient see each other 'in the flesh'. This is what occurs in general medicine in most countries.

Hospitality &Accommodation

Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality industry jobs for hotels, restaurants, casinos, catering, resorts, clubs and any other service position that deals with tourists.
This includes motels and resorts.
Although entry level jobs in this sector usually require little or no formal education, management, design, and culinary jobs often require college degrees or trade school certificates. These schools are known for their training in various aspects of the hospitality industry.

Housing

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repairs) of residential housing units.
This includes businesses builders, contractors, manufacturers and business partners in the industry.
Owners and operators of home and garden improvement retail stores. Includes stores offering building materials and supplies.
Includes manufacturers of prefabricated houses and semi-fixed manufactured homes

Import and Export

Import and export workers handle business transactions that take place between companies in foreign nations and local firms.
Import workers deal with transactions that involve bringing raw materials or finished products into the country.
Export workers are involved in sending goods or raw materials to foreign markets. Some workers handle both import and export agreements.

Information Technology and Internet

Information technology (IT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.
At the lowest level you have the servers with an operating system. Installed on these servers are things like database and web serving software.
The servers are connected to each other and to users via a network infrastructure and the users accessing these servers have their own hardware, operating system, and software tools.

Justice & Legal

This industry consists of units mainly engaged in the operation or administration of judicial authorities, including criminal and civil courts, or commissions including royal commissions or similarly constituted inquiries. This includes Police Services in Australia and Corrective Centres.
Includes all other groups engaged in the administration of justice, public order, and safety programs.

Maritime

Includes Companies providing goods or passenger maritime transportation.
Owners and operators of marine ports and related services.
This industry retail a broad range of boats, outboard motors, boat trailers and accessories.
Items covered by this industry may be either new or used. These products are purchased from domestic and/or international wholesalers. Operators then retail these goods, through their stores to the general public for private use.
The marine industry profile measures the total revenue generated from transportation of goods and passengers over water, either inland or over sea.

Media

The media industry describes the once very distinct, but today interacting, mass media businesses of newspaper, magazine, book, radio, Internet and TV industries.
Includes film production and exhibition, home entertainment, journalism, music, newspaper and book publishing, broadcast television and radio, talent and theatre.
It is basically competing within three different markets: the content, the consumer, and the advertising market. On the content market it purchases content of different kinds (for example: music, manuscripts, screenplays) and converts it into products (for example: compact disks, books, movies).
This product is then sold on the consumer market. Through its circulation and reach it is an important actor in the advertising market, where it sells its capacities to place advertising for other companies.
The growth of the media industry walks hand in hand with new forms of communicative based technology.

Mining and Resources

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam.
Materials recovered by mining include bauxite, coal, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, iron, precious metals, lead, limestone, nickel, phosphate, oil shale, rock salt, tin, uranium, and molybdenum.
Any material that cannot be grown from agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory, is usually mined.
Mining in a wider sense can also include extraction of petroleum, natural gas, and even water.
Companies that explore for, develop, mine, quarry, and/or process metallic and/or non-metallic minerals

Music and Recording

The music industry refers to the business industry connected with the creation and sale of music.
It consists of record companies, labels and publishers that distribute recorded music products internationally and that often control the rights to those products. Some music labels are "independent," while others are subsidiaries of larger corporate entities or international media groups.
The record industry is the part of the music industry that earns profit by selling sound recordings of music.
The business has largely been dominated and controlled by the record industry, as the economics of mass-production of copies allow the manufacture of valuable music recordings for a tiny fraction of their sale price.
Services may evolve to allow musicians to sell their music via the web without the need for a record company in its present form and consequently reap a fairer share of the profits from their music.

Nature and Outdoor

Includes manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, sales representatives and retailers in the outdoor arena.
The industry includes services such as guide service, canoe trips, paddling schools, mountain bike tours, or road bike fun rides, and products such as bikes, sleeping bags, footwear, clothing, books and DVD’s.

Oil & Petroleum

The petroleum industry operates on the petroleum market. Petroleum is vital to nearly all other industries, if not industrialized civilization itself, and thus is critical concern to many nations.
Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East.
The petroleum industry can be divided into two broad groups: "upstream" producers (exploration, development and production of crude oil or natural gas) and "downstream" transporters (tanker, Pipeline transport), refiners, retailers, and consumers.
Oil companies are generally categorized as "supermajors" (BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Shell and Total S.A.), "majors," and "independents" or "jobbers."
Most upstream work in the oil field or on an oil well is contracted out to drilling contractors and oil field service companies.

Packaging

Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
Packaging also provides us with a recognizable logo, or packaging, we instantly know what the goods are inside.

Paper and Pulp

The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American, northern European and East Asian countries. Australasia and Latin America also have significant pulp and paper industries. Both Russia and China are expected to be key in the industry's growth over the next few years.
Workers in the paper industry make paper and paper products out of wood, recycled paper, or cloth and other fibrous materials.
Many plants specialize in a single step in the paper making process—making pulp from wood, for example. Other plants are involved in the entire process of transforming raw materials into finished paper products such as napkins or stationery.

Performing Arts

The performing arts are those forms of art where the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium.
Performing arts include the acrobatics, busking, comedy, dance, magic, music, opera, film, juggling, marching arts, such as brass bands, theatre, and circus arts.
This includes those engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs concerts, and festivals.
This industry also includes independent (free lance) entertainers and artists and the establishments that manage their careers.
This includes four basic processes: producing events; organizing and promoting events; managing and representing entertainers; and providing the artistic, creative and technical skills necessary for the production of artistic products and live performances.

Personal Services

There is a range of businesses offering services such as astrology, baby sitting, chauffeur services, cloakroom services, domestic services, fortune telling, genealogy, hair restoration, heraldry, introduction agencies, marriage celebrants, message services, sauna bath operation, tattooing services, public toilet operation, Turkish bath operation and weight reducing/diet services.

Print & Publishing

Printing is a process for production of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction.
the manufacture of paper stationery, commercial and job printing, publishing and printing of newspapers, books, magazines and periodicals, and the manufacture and publishing of audio, video and data media.

Property

The property industry encompasses a range of activities related to commercial property (e.g. retail shops, offices, factories and warehouses, shopping centres, hotels and leisure centres) and to residential property, corporate real estate, development and planning, property valuation and analysis, finance investment research, development subdivision, sales, leasing and management, plant and machinery valuation and facilities management.
The industry also uses a number of business and professional services providers from other major industry sectors such as architects, engineers and spatial Information services.

Radio

The "radio industry" is a generic term for any companies or public service providers who are involved with the broadcast of radio stations or ancillary services.
Radio broadcasters can be broken into at least two different groups:
Public service broadcasters are funded in whole or in part through public money. This may be through money received directly from the government, or, through a license fee. The license fee is typically protected by law and set by the government, and is required for any household which contains equipment which can be used to receive a TV signal.
Commercial broadcasters are largely funded through the sales of advertising spots on their radio station. Commercial stations are often quite local, and may have some public service commitments within their permit.

Restaurant & Cafe

Restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. The term covers a multiplicity of venues and a diversity of styles of cuisine.
The industry is dominated by small businesses
It is also a very competitive industry, with few barriers to entry and often low profit margins as a result.
Business profits are highly sensitive to rises in labour and production costs.

Retail Trade

Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandise, from a fixed location such as a department store or kiosk, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser.
Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses.
In commerce, a retailer buys goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores.
Retailers are at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategy.
Largest employer in Australia.

Science and Technology

Engineering know-how converts science knowledge into technology, then turns technology into successful innovation.
Engineers have always found innovative, workable solutions to technological problems through a systematic problem-solving approach.
Preserving endangered species requires accurate data about habitats. Engineers designed sophisticated imaging equipment and the satellites to carry it, providing researchers and environmental scientists with a unique view of the Earth's habitats. Accurate data enable accurate planning.

Security and Protection

Companies that design, manufacture, and provide security products or services.
Security officers protect people and property, and maintain crowd control
Security officers are usually a privately and formally employed.

Self Employment

Someone who is self-employed works for himself/herself instead of as an employee of another person or organization, drawing income from a trade or business.
This may be as a sole proprietor, partner in a partnership, independent contractor, or consultant.
Self-employment encompasses a wide variety of industries including professional careers, such as real estate agents, freelancers, small office / home office (SOHO) workers, and small business owners. Despite the variety, successful entrepreneurs share many of the same needs, concerns and preparations before beginning a business venture.

Shipping

Shipping is basic process of transporting goods and cargo. Virtually every product ever made, bought, or sold has been affected by shipping.
Despite the many variables in shipped products and locations, there are only three basic types of shipments: land, air, and sea.
Much shipping is done aboard actual ships. An individual nation's fleet and the people that crew it are referred to its "merchant navy" or "merchant marine."
Merchant shipping is essential to the world economy, carrying the bulk of international trade. The ships are also extremely expensive constructions themselves, being some of the largest man-made vehicles ever.

Sports

Sports Companies that own and operate professional sports teams and organizations; golf courses and golfing centres; motor racetracks; exercise and fitness facilities; dance schools and studios; and other related sports activities.
Potential professions are Professional athletes, coaches, administrators and marketers, health care professionals, facility managers.

Superannuation

Superannuation is a pension scheme in Australia. It has a compulsory element whereby employers are required by law to pay a proportion of employee's salaries and wages (currently nine percent) into a superannuation fund, which can be accessed when the employee retires.
Superannuation funds tend to invest in a wide variety of assets with a mix of duration and risk/return characteristics. The recent investment performance of superannuation funds compares favorably with alternative assets such as ten year bonds.
There are six main types of superannuation funds:
Industry Funds are multiemployer funds run by employer associations and unions such as Cbus.
Wholesale Master Trusts are multiemployer funds run by financial institutions for groups of employees. These are also classified as Retail funds by APRA.
Retail Master Trusts/Wrap platforms are funds run by financial institutions for individuals.
Employer Stand-alone Funds are funds established by employers for their employees. Each fund has its own trust structure that is not necessarily shared by other employers.
Do-It-Yourself Funds (or Self Managed Superannuation Funds) are funds established for a small number of individuals (usually fewer than 5).
Public Sector Employees Funds are funds established by governments for their employees.

Telecommunications

Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process typically involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitter.
Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the process, such as the television, radio and telephone, are common in many parts of the world.
There are also many networks that connect these devices, including computer networks, public telephone networks, radio networks and television networks.
Computer communication across the Internet is one of many examples of telecommunication.
Telecommunication systems are generally designed by telecommunication engineers.
Continually developing technology within the telecommunications industry is providing improved services to households and businesses within Australia and around the world.

Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance.
The television industry may be divided essentially into two major segments: free to air and pay television
In the free to air segment, there are 48 commercial stations and two national, public broadcasting networks, ABC and SBS. Commercial broadcasting employs 7,807 people.
Foxtel is the most powerful player in the Australian pay-TV landscape, controlling the bulk of programming through ownership or distribution agreements. It also has the largest number of subscribers and the most extensive reach on its combined cable and satellite networks.
Television is second only to newspapers in terms of share of total advertising expenditure in Australia.
It is also the preferred medium of national advertisers, accounting for more than half of all such advertising.
The sale of airtime to advertisers is the fundamental business of commercial television, while the provision of programming to viewers is simply the means by which commercial broadcasters influence the size and socio-economic profile of the audiences that they offer to advertisers.

Theatre

organisations which operate venues such as concert halls, playhouses, music halls and entertainment centres
the music and theatre production industry producing popular music productions, drama productions, musical theatre productions, symphony and choral productions, dance, opera, circuses and puppetry
performing arts festivals such as music, comedy and dance
organisations which provide services such as costume design, set design, ticket agencies, casting agencies and arts administration.

Timber

Industry grows and processes trees to supply timber, wood products, paper, tissue, cardboard, furniture and many other products derived from wood and wood products.
The industry is technologically advanced and constantly increasing efficiency and productivity.
Logging is the process in which trees are cut down usually as part of a timber harvest.
Timber is harvested to supply raw material for the wood products industry including logs for sawmills and pulp wood for the pulp and paper industry.
Logging can also remove wood for forest management goals.

Tobacco

The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products.
It is a global industry; tobacco can grow in any warm, moist environment, which means it is farmed on all continents except Antarctica.
Tobacco is a commodity product similar in economic terms to foodstuffs in that the price is set by the fact that crop yields vary depending on local weather conditions.
The price varies by specific species grown, the total quantity on the market ready for sale, the area where it was grown, the health of the plants, and other characteristics individual to product quality.

Trade Services

A tradesman is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft.
Economically and socially, a tradesman's status is considered between a labourer and a professional, with a high degree of both practical and theoretical knowledge of their trade.
In cultures where professional careers are highly prized there can be a shortage of skilled manual workers, leading to lucrative niche markets in the trades.
A tradesman will begin as an apprentice, and the apprenticeship is carried out partly through working for a qualified tradesman and partly through an accredited trade school for a definite period of time (usually around 4 years), after which he/she is fully qualified.

Transport & Storage

Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
The field of transport has several aspects: loosely they can be divided into a triad of infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports).
The vehicles generally ride on the networks, such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, aircrafts.
The operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated on the network and the procedures set for this purpose including the legal environment (Laws, Codes, Regulations, etc.) Policies, such as how to finance the system (for example, the use of tolls or gasoline taxes) may be considered part of the operations.

Travel and Tourism

Tourism comprises not only leisure travel but also encompasses travel for business, health, education, religious and other reasons.
Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts.
The industry includes domestic and international travel and items consumed or purchased by tourists/visitors.
Indirectly, tourism affects a wide range of other industries. When a visitor buys a meal, for example, tourism indirectly creates demand in the food manufacturing, transportation and electricity industries in order to produce the inputs required to make the meal.
Tourism activity contributes to industries including travel agencies, accommodation, air and water transport, vehicle hire, taxis, cafes and restaurants, and take-away food outlets

Waste Management

The waste management industry manages and processes commercial, domestic, chemical, construction, medical and hazardous waste.
The industry has moved from simply collecting or disposing of refuse towards resource recovery, recycling and reprocessing of resources from wastes, followed by the disposal of residual waste.
Largely the industry has four main areas of activity, being landfill, composting, recycling operations and waste collections.
The two major sources of waste are commercial, industrial, construction and demolition waste and domestic and municipal waste.
Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances with different methods and fields of expertise for each

Welfare & Community Services

Welfare is financial assistance paid by taxpayers to people who are unable or unwilling to support themselves, and/or determined to be able to function more effectively with financial assistance.
Some welfare is general, while other welfare is more specific and can only be invoked under certain circumstances. Welfare payments can be made to individuals or to companies or entities--these latter payments are often considered corporate welfare.
Individuals may apply for welfare due to disability, lack of education or job training, a low demand for unskilled labor, substance abuse, or unwillingness to work.
The desired outcome and purpose of welfare varies. For welfare for the non-disabled, the purpose often is to prevent complete destitution. Welfare or assistance for the disabled, in contrast, does not eventually expect non-dependency, and the justification is more philosophical.
The amounts paid to recipients are typically modest, and may fall below the poverty line.
Recipients must usually demonstrate a low level of income such as by way of "means testing", or financial hardship, or that they satisfy some other requirement such as childcare responsibilities or disability.
Those receiving unemployment benefits may also have to regularly demonstrate that they are periodically searching for employment.

Wholesale Trade

Wholesaling is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services.
Wholesalers frequently physically assemble sort and grade goods in large lots, break bulk, repack and redistribute in smaller lots.
Along with the retail trade industry, the wholesale trade industry is a significant component of the Australian economy and is divided into three main sectors:
Basic material wholesaling (the wholesaling of farm products, minerals, metals, chemicals and builders supplies).
Machinery, equipment and motor vehicle wholesaling
Personal and household goods wholesaling (food, drink and tobacco; textile clothing and footwear; and household goods).

Wine

Australian wine has won an international reputation for quality and value. Australian wines have taken key international awards, competing favorably against longer-established national wine industries. Innovative Australian winemakers are sought internationally for their expertise.
Wine-grape growing and winemaking are carried out in each of the six States and two mainland Territories of Australia. The principal production areas are located in the south-east quarter of the Australian continent, in the states of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria.
International and domestic tourism related to the wine industry accounts for an important share of Australia's export earnings, employment and taxation income
The industry places a strong emphasis on research and development.